Comparison between the ion-specific electrode and SPADNS methods for analysis of fluoride concentration in the water supply

The maintenance of adequate fluoride (F) concentration in the public water supply is fundamental for ensuring that the community use of F can reach the maximum benefit for caries control and minimum risk for dental fluorosis. Thus, surveillance systems must use accurate and valid analytical methods to determine F concentration and, according to the literature, give preference to the ion-specific electrode (F- ISE) analysis. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the ISE and SPADNS methods in the determination of the F concentration in the same water sample. Methods: Duplicate water samples were taken from 30 sampling sites in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, monthly for 12 months, totaling 276 samples. An aliquot was analyzed by the FOP-UNICAMP Oral Biochemistry laboratory, using the F- ISE method, and the other one, by the SANEPAR laboratory in Maringá/PR, using the SPADNS method. Descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation test were applied, with a significant level of p<0.05. Results: Results were expressed as ppm F (mg F/L), and a very strong positive correlation (r= 0.91; p<0.001) was detected between the two methods of analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the determination of f luoride concentration in water can be made with accuracy by the SPADNS method, a standardized analysis protocol

Family Care for Dependent Older People at Home: A Comparative Study between Brazil and Colombia / Cuidado familiar de adultos mayores dependientes en el hogar: un estudio comparativo entre Brasil y Colombia / Cuidado familiar de idosos dependentes no domicílio: um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Colômbia

Objective: To analyze the socio-demographic profile and caregiving situation of dependent older adults and their family caregivers in Brazil and Colombia. Method: This mixed comparative and exploratory study follows the comparative study stages proposed by Bereday, namely: Description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. A semi-structured interview was used. National and international ethical principles were followed in the study, with the ethics committee's approval in each country. Results: A total of 250 participants were interviewed: 52 dependent older adults in Brazil and 56 in Colombia, along with 70 family caregivers in Brazil and 72 in Colombia. A total of 68.5 % of the elderly and 83.8 % of the caregivers were women. Twelve categories were created based on the participants' statements, six in the dependent older people and six in the caregivers. Conclusion: Women and daughters were the primary family caregivers, and the Catholic religion was prevalent in both countries. Regarding the caregiving situation in both countries, it stands out that dependent older people and family caregivers feel the presence of a superior being assisting them in overcoming the challenges of caregiving activities.

Objetivo: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y la situación de cuidado de los adultos mayores dependientes y sus cuidadores familiares en Brasil y Colombia. Método: investigación comparativa mixta y de tipo exploratorio, la cual sigue las fases de estudios comparativos propuestos por Bereday: descripción, interpretación, yuxtaposición y comparación. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Se tuvieron en cuenta los principios éticos nacionales e internacionales dentro del estudio, con la aprobación de cada comité de ética en cada país. Resultados: fueron entrevistados 250 participantes: 52 adultos mayores dependientes en Brasil y 56 en Colombia, y 70 cuidadores familiares en Brasil y 72 en Colombia. El 68,5 % de los adultos mayores y el 83,8 % de los cuidadores eran mujeres. Se construyeron doce categorías a partir del discurso de los participantes, seis en los adultos mayores dependientes y seis en los cuidadores. Conclusión: hubo predominio de las mujeres e hijas como la mayoría de las cuidadoras familiares, así como la religión católica como la más prevalente en ambos países. Respecto a la situación de cuidado, en ambos países destaca que los adultos mayores dependientes y los cuidadores familiares sienten la presencia de un ser superior ayudándolos a superar los desafíos en las actividades de cuidado.

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e a situação de cuidado dos idosos dependentes e seus cuidadores familiares no Brasil e na Colômbia. Materiais e método: pesquisa comparativa mista e de tipo exploratório, a qual segue as fases de estudos comparativos propostos por Bereday: descrição, interpretação, justaposição e comparação. Foi utilizada entrevista semiestrutura. Foram considerados os princípios éticos nacionais e internacionais para o estudo, com a aprovação de cada comitê de ética dos referidos países. Resultados: foram entrevistados 250 participantes, dos quais 52 idosos dependentes no Brasil e 56 na Colômbia, e 70 cuidadores familiares no Brasil e 72 na Colômbia. 68,5 % dos idosos e 83,8 % dos cuidadores eram mulheres. Foram construídas 12 categorias a partir do discurso dos participantes, seis nos idosos dependentes e seis nos cuidadores. Conclusões: houve predomínio das mulheres e filhas como cuidadoras familiares, bem como a religião católica como a mais prevalente em ambos os países. A respeito da situação de cuidado, nos dois países, destaca-se que os idosos dependentes e os cuidadores familiares sentem a presença de um ser superior que os ajuda a superar os desafios das atividades de cuidado.

Recurso audiovisual para el desarrollo de competencias interculturales en salud en estudiantes de enfermería / Audiovisual resources for developing intercultural competences in health in nursing students

Introducción: Se ha reconocido la importancia de los aspectos socioculturales de los individuos en la atención en salud para brindar cuidados centrados en las personas. En este sentido, los profesionales de salud requieren el desarrollo de competencia interculturales. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia didáctica a través de un recurso audiovisual para contribuir a la formación de competencia intercultural en salud en estudiantes de enfermería en la asignatura Fundamentos Socioantropológicos. Métodos: Se tuvo en cuenta un diseño no experimental, descriptivo y comparativo. Se elaboró una intervención educativa sobre la base de videos, acompañada de trabajo reflexivo y feedback de profesores, con medición pre- y posintervención, mediante la Escala de Capacidad Cultural. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 77 respuestas válidas; 91,2 por ciento del género femenino. El 56,1 por ciento no presentaba formación previa en diversidad cultural. Al realizar la evaluación de la competencia intercultural pre- y posintervención, los estudiantes tuvieron un mayor puntaje posintervención (p< 0,05), lo que implicó un aumento en la competencia intercultural de estos. Conclusiones: Es posible contribuir a la formación de competencia intercultural en estudiantes de enfermería mediante videos (AU)

Introduction: The importance of sociocultural aspects of individuals in healthcare has been recognized with respect to providing person-centered care. In this sense, health professionals require the development of intercultural competences. Objective: To design a didactic strategy through an audiovisual resource to contribute to the development of intercultural competences in healthcare in Nursing students in the subject Socioanthropological Foundations. Methods: A nonexperimental, descriptive and comparative design was used. An educational intervention was elaborated upon the basis of videos, accompanied by reflective work and feedback from professors, with pre- and postintervention measurement using the Cultural Capacity Scale. Results: Seventy-seven valid responses were obtained; 91.2 percent belonged to the female gender. 56.1 percent had no previous training in cultural diversity. When performing the pre- and postintervention intercultural competence assessment, the students had a higher postintervention score (p< 0.05), which meant an increase in their intercultural competence. Conclusions: It is possible to contribute to the formation of intercultural competence in Nursing students through videos (AU)

Fenômenos de saúde, resiliência e qualidade de vida de acadêmicos de medicina-estudo comparativo / Health phenomena, resilience and quality of life of medical students-comparative study / Fenómenos de salud, resiliencia y calidad de vida de los estudiantes de medicina-estudio comparativo

Objetivo: comparar os fenômenos de saúde (níveis de estresse percebido, sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono), bem como a capacidade resiliente e a qualidade de vida por ciclo de curso entre acadêmicos de medicina de instituição privada de ensino. Método:pesquisa transversal, analítica e de abordagem quantitativa, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de instrumentos de validação internacional entre novembro e dezembro de 2022 junto a discentes do curso de medicina de uma instituição privada do Distrito Federal. Resultados:50% dos estudantes utilizam fármacos para induzir o sono e 65,7% fazem uso de bebida alcoólica, além do predomínio de estudantes com baixo estresse no ciclo básico e altos níveis de estresse nos demais ciclos. Com isso, conclui-se que o curso de medicina apresenta situações estressoras comuns aos diferentes ciclos do curso, colocando o aluno em um ambiente propício para o aparecimento de fenômenos que podem interferir direta ou indiretamente na sua saúde mental. Conclusão:não hádiferença nos níveis de estresse, qualidade de sono, sintomas depressivos, qualidade de vida resiliência ao longo do curso, ou seja, esses fenômenos não estão associados as características peculiares de cada ciclo.

Objective:to compare health phenomena (perceived stress levels, depressive symptoms and sleep quality), as well as resilient capacity and quality of life per course cycle among medical students from a private teaching institution. Method:cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative research, whose data collection occurred through international validation instruments between November and December 2022 with medical students of a private institution in the Federal District. Results:50% of the students use drugs to induce sleep and 65.7% use alcoholic beverages, in addition to the predominance of students with low stress in the basic cycle and high levels of stress in the other cycles. With this, it is concluded that the medical course presents stressful situations common to the different cycles of the course, placing the student in an environment conducive to the appearance of phenomena that can interfere directly or indirectly in their mental health. Conclusion:there is no difference in stress levels, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, quality of life resilience throughout the course, that is, these phenomena are not associated with the peculiar characteristics of each cycle.

Objetivo: comparar los fenómenos de salud (niveles de estrés percibido, síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño), así como la capacidad resiliente y la calidad de vida por ciclo de estudios entre estudiantes de medicina de una institución docente privada. Método:investigación transversal, analítica y cuantitativa, cuya recolección de datos ocurrió a través de instrumentos de validación internacional entre noviembre y diciembre de 2022 con estudiantes de medicina de una institución privada del Distrito Federal. Resultados:50% de los estudiantes usan drogas para inducir el sueño y 65,7% usan bebidas alcohólicas, además del predominio de estudiantes con bajo estrés en el ciclo básico y altos niveles de estrés en los otros ciclos. Con esto, se concluye que el curso de medicina presenta situaciones estresantes comunes a los diferentes ciclos del curso, colocando al estudiante en un ambiente propicio para la aparición de fenómenos que pueden interferir directa o indirectamente en su salud mental. Conclusión:no hay diferencia en los niveles de estrés, calidad del sueño, síntomas depresivos, calidad de vida resiliencia a lo largo del curso, es decir, estos fenómenos no están asociados con las características peculiares de cada ciclo.

Incidência de neoplasias malignas em Porto Alegre e Salvador em 2020 de acordo com o DATASUS / Incidence of malignant neoplasms in Porto Alegre and Salvador in 2020 according to DATASUS / Incidencia de neoplasias malignas en Porto Alegre y Salvador en 2020 según DATASUS

Objetivo: analisar a incidência de neoplasias malignas em 2020. Métodos: estudo ecológico com análise comparativa entre as populações de Porto Alegre e Salvador. Foram extraídos dados do DATASUS, analisados em tabelas e apresentados em gráficos. Resultados: A incidência de neoplasias malignas em mulheres entre 30 a 34 anos é maior em Porto Alegre que em Salvador, sendo quase o dobro de casos de mulheres em relação aos homens. Entre 65 a 69 anos, mulheres representaram 20 casos a mais em Porto Alegre, e, em Salvador, o sexo masculino apresentou 28 casos a mais. As mulheres realizaram mais quimioterapias e os homens mais cirurgias. Conclusão: Houve diferença entre a incidência de neoplasias nas cidades podendo associar variáveis determinantes como sexo biológico feminino ao tipo de câncer e idade avançada. A maior incidência de casos na região sul pode estar associada aos hábitos de vida como alimentação e cultura desta região.

Objective: to analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms in 2020 in two Brazilian cities. Methods: this is an ecological study with comparative analysis between the populations of the cities of Porto Alegre, and Salvador. Data were extracted from the DATASUS, analyzed in tables and presented in descriptive. Results: The incidence of malignant neoplasms in women aged 30 to 34 years is higher of Porto Alegre than in Salvador, with almost double the number of cases in women compared to men in both cities. In the age 65 to 69, women accounted for 20 more cases in Porto Alegre, and in Salvador, males had 28 more cases. Women underwent more chemotherapy and men more surgical in both cities. Conclusion: Differences were observed between the incidence of neoplasms for the cities compared, which could associate determinant variables such as female biological sex with the type of cancer and advanced age. In addition, there is evidence that the southern region of Brazil has a higher incidence than the northeast region, which may be associated with lifestyle habits such as food and culture in the region.

Objetivo: analizar la incidencia de neoplasias malignas en 2020 en dos ciudades brasileñas. Métodos: se trata de un estudio ecológico con análisis comparativo entre las poblaciones de Porto Alegre y Salvador. Los datos fueron extraídos del DATASUS, analizados en tablas y presentados en gráficos. Resultados: La incidencia de neoplasias malignas en mujeres de 30 a 34 años es mayor en Porto Alegre que en Salvador, con casi el doble de casos en mujeres que en hombres. Entre 65 a 69 años, las mujeres representaron 20 casos más en Porto Alegre, y en Salvador, los hombres tuvieron 28 casos más. Las mujeres se sometieron más a quimioterapia y los hombres más a quirúrgias. Conclusión: Se observaron diferencias entre la incidencia de neoplasias, que podrían asociar variables determinantes como el sexo biológico femenino con el tipo de cáncer y la edad avanzada. Existe evidencia de que la región sur de Brasil tiene una mayor incidencia que la región noreste, lo que puede estar asociado con hábitos de estilo de vida como la alimentación y la cultura en la región.

Estudo comparativo entre os resultados per e pós-operatórios da nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica e da laparoscópica assistida por robô / Comparative study between the pre- and postoperative results of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy

A incidência dos casos de neoplasia de rim tem aumentado consideravelmente e o emprego da cirurgia minimamente invasiva poupadora de néfrons é, atualmente, considerado o padrão ouro para tumores T1a e T1b. Essa cirurgia pode ser realizada de forma minimamente invasiva, por meio da técnica laparoscópica e laparoscópica assistida por robô. No entanto, faz-se necessário um estudo para avaliar os resultados dessas duas técnicas, tendo em vista uma crescente difusão da técnica robô assistida e um maior número de cirurgiões em treinamento. Soma-se a isso a importância de preservação renal e de segurança oncológica, possibilitada pela nefrectomia parcial, que ainda é subutilizada devido à maior dificuldade técnica de realizá-la pela via laparoscópica. OBJETIVO: comparar a cirurgia aparoscópica com a cirurgia laparoscópica assistida por robô na realização da nefrectomia parcial, no período per e pós-operatório, quanto aos resultados de cada uma delas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de 209 pacientes com neoplasia de rim localizado, submetidos à nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica no Hospital Madre Teresa, no período de outubro de 2014 a junho de 2019, e à nefrectomia parcial assistida por robô, no Hospital Felício Rocho, entre os anos de 2018 a 2021. Os dados do estudo foram coletados e gerenciados, usando-se as ferramentas eletrônicas de captura de dados REDCap, além da pesquisa de prontuário. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizandose o software SPSS versão 25. Em todos os testes estatísticos, foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: em relação a fatores clínicos e cirúrgicos, observou-se que o tempo cirúrgico em horas, a permanência no hospital e a permanência no CTI foram maiores no grupo de nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica, quando comparados à nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica assistida por robô. Variáveis como complicações operatórias, hemotransfusão no per operatório, tipo de tumor, tamanho da lesão na peça cirúrgica e margens acometidas não mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05). As complicações pós-operatórias foram mais frequentes no grupo de nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica (16,7%) quando comparadas ao grupo nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica assistida por robô (7,0%). O estadiamento pós-operatório também apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo que os estádios iniciais (T0 e T1) foram proporcionalmente maiores no grupo de nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica, quando comparados ao grupo nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica assistida por robô. Já os estádios (T2 e T3) foram mais incidentes no grupo de nefrectomia parcial laparoscópica assistida por robô em relação ao outro grupo. CONCLUSÃO: com base nos resultados, pode-se afirmar que a técnica robô-assistida apresenta ganhos técnicos significativos e possibilita a ressecção de tumores tecnicamente mais difíceis, com menor taxa de complicações no pós-operatório. Apresenta tempo cirúrgico e tempo de internação hospitalar reduzidos em comparação com a cirurgia realizada por laparoscopia, além de alta precoce para aqueles que necessitam de unidade de terapia intensiva no pósoperatório.

Kidney cancer cases have increased considerably, and minimally invasive nephronsparing surgery is currently considered the gold standard for T1a and T1b tumors. This surgery can be performed minimally invasively, using the laparoscopic and robotassisted laparoscopic techniques. However, a study to evaluate the results of these two techniques is necessary, considering the increasing diffusion of the robot-assisted technique and the larger number of surgeons in training. Added to this is the importance of renal preservation and oncologic safety, made possible by partial nephrectomy, which is still underutilized due to the incredible technical difficulty of performing it laparoscopically. OBJECTIVE: To compare laparoscopic surgery with robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in performing partial nephrectomy, in the per- and postoperative periods, regarding the results of each. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort of 209 patients with localized kidney cancer who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy at Hospital Madre Teresa from October 2014 to June 2019 and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy at Hospital Felício Rocho between the years 2018 and 2021. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools and chart search. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 software. A 5% significance level was considered in all statistical tests. RESULTS: Regarding clinical and surgical factors, surgical time in hours, hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay were higher in the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group when compared to the robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Variables such as operative complications, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor type, size of the lesion on the surgical specimen, and affected margins showed no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). The variable postoperative complications showed higher frequency in the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group (16.7%) compared to the robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group (7.0%). Postoperative staging also showed significant differences between groups, with early stages (T0 and T1) proportionally higher in the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group when compared to the robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group. Stages (T2 and T3) were higher in the laparoscopic robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group compared to the other group. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it can be stated that the robot-assisted technique presents significant technical gains and allowed the resection of tumors that are technically more difficult and with a lower rate of complications in the postoperative period. It presented reduced surgical time and hospital stay compared to the surgery performed by laparoscopy. In patients who need to be referred to the intensive care unit postoperatively, the robot-assisted technique demonstrates a reduction in the length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade da Enoxaparina para prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso nas cirurgias eletivas de abdome, pelve e varizes: revisão rápida de evidências / Seffectiveness,safety and tolerability of Enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective surgery of the abdomen, pelvis and varices: quick evidence review

Tecnologia: Enoxaparina comparada à profilaxia mecânica e/ou outros medicamentos disponíveis ou não no SUS. Indicação: Profilaxia de Tromboembolismo Venoso (TEV) em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de abdome, pelve e varizes. Pergunta: Há superioridade em eficácia e segurança da enoxaparina (heparina de baixo peso molecular - HBPM) comparada à profilaxia mecânica e a outros medicamentos disponíveis ou não no SUS para prevenção de TEV em pacientes acima de 18 anos, não gestantes, em pós-operatório de cirurgias eletivas de abdome, pelve e varizes? Métodos: Revisão rápida de evidências (overview) de revisões sistemáticas, com levantamento bibliográfico realizado na base de dados PUBMED, utilizando estratégia estruturada de busca. A qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas foi avaliada com AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews). Resultados: Foram selecionadas quatro e incluídas duas revisões sistemáticas com metanálise. Conclusão: HBPM no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal e pelve reduziu a incidência de TEV geral e TEV sintomático, sem aumentar risco de sangramento e mortalidade. Nas cirurgias de veias varicosas, foi observado uma redução de todos os eventos trombóticos e risco de TVP, sem aumentar risco de sangramento

Technology: Enoxaparin compared to mechanical prophylaxis and/or other drugs available or not in the SUS. Indication: Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgery of the abdomen, pelvis and varicose veins. Question: There is superiority in efficacy and safety of enoxaparin, compared to mechanical prophylaxis and other drugs available or not in the SUS, for the prevention of VTE for patients over 18 years old, non-pregnant in the postoperative period of elective surgeries of the abdomen, pelvis and varicose veins? Methods: Rapid review of evidence (overview) from systematic reviews, with a bibliographic search in the PUBMED database, using a structured strategy. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was assessed with AMSTAR-2 (Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews). Results: Four were selected and two systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included. Conclusion: LMWH in the postoperative period of abdominal and pelvic surgery reduced the incidence of general VTE and symptomatic VTE, without increasing the risk of bleeding and mortality. In varicose vein surgeries, a reduction in all thrombotic events and risk of DVT was observed, without increasing the risk of bleeding

Reaction mechanisms of flavins and flavoproteins from an electronic-structure perspective / Mecanismos de reação de flavinas e flavoproteínas por uma perspectiva de estrutura eletrônica

Proteins equipped with flavin adenine dinucleotides (FAD) or flavin mononucleotides (FMN) are named flavoproteins and constitute about 1% of all existing proteins. They catalyze redox, acid-base and photochemical reactions in a variety of biochemical phenomena that goes from energy metabolism to DNA repair and light sensing. The versatility observed in flavoproteins is ultimately a balance of flavin intrinsic properties modulated by a protein environment. This thesis aims to investigate how flavoproteins work by systematic evaluating flavin properties and reactivity. In particular, the mechanism of fumarate reduction by the flavoenzyme fumarate reductase Fcc3 was determined. Electronic-structure calculations were used for this task based on rigorous calibration with experimental data and error assessment. Flavin properties at chemical accuracy were obtained with single reference coupled-cluster CCSD(T) calculations at the complete basis set limit. Density functional theory was demonstrated an excellent alternative with lower computational costs and slightly less accuracy. Flavin protonation and tautomerism were shown to be important modulators of flavin properties and reactivity, with the possibility of various tautomers existing at neutral pH. Regarding flavin redox properties, an analysis based on multiconfigurational wave function weights was proposed for categorizing flavin redox reactions as hydride or hydrogen-atom transfers. This analysis is an upgrade over traditional partial charges methods and can be applied not only to flavin reactions but to any protoncoupled electron transfer. In the investigation of the enzymatic mechanism of fumarate reduction, the reaction was determined as a nucleophilic addition by hydride transfer with carbanion formation. Fumarate reductase employs electrostatic catalysis in contrast to previous proposals of substrate straining and general-acid catalysis. Also, hydride transfer was shown to be vibronically adiabatic with low tunneling contribution. These findings give new insights into the mechanisms of fumarate reductases and provide a framework for future computational studies of flavoproteins in general. The analyses and benchmark studies presented can be used to build better models of properties and reactivity of flavins and flavoproteins

Proteínas equipadas com dinucleotídeos de flavina-adenina (FAD) e mononucleotídeos de flavina (FMN) são chamadas flavoproteínas e constituem cerca de 1% de todas as proteínas existentes. Elas catalisam reações redox, ácido-base e fotoquímicas numa variedade de fenômenos bioquímicos que vão desde o metabolismo energético até reparo de DNA e captação de luz. A versatilidade observada em flavoproteínas é em última instância um balanço das propriedades intrínsecas de flavinas moduladas por um ambiente proteico. Esta tese busca investigar como flavoproteínas funcionam através de avaliações sistemáticas de propriedades e reatividade de flavinas. Em particular, o mecanismo de redução de fumarato pela flavoenzima fumarato redutase Fcc3 foi determinado. Cálculos de estrutura eletrônica foram usados para esta tarefa com base em rigorosa calibração com dados experimentais e avaliação de erros. As propriedades de flavinas foram determinadas com acurácia química com cálculos monoconfiguracionais de coupled-cluster CCSD(T) no limite de conjunto base completo. A teoria do funcional da densidade mostrou-se uma alternativa excelente com menor custo computacional e um pouco menos de acurácia. Protonação e tautomerismo de flavinas mostraram-se moduladores importantes de suas propriedades e reatividade, com a possibilidade de vários tautômeros existirem em pH neutro. Em relação às propriedades redox de flavinas, uma análise baseada nos pesos de funções de onda multiconfiguracionais foi proposta para categorizar as reações redox de flavinas como transferências de hidreto ou hidrogênio. Esta análise é uma melhoria em relação aos métodos tradicionais de cargas parciais e pode ser aplicada não apenas para reações de flavinas mas para qualquer transferência de próton acoplada a elétrons. Na investigação do mecanismo enzimático de redução de fumarato, a reação foi designada como uma adição nucleofílica por transferência de hidreto e formação de carbânion. A fumarato redutase usa catálise eletrostática diferentemente de prospostas anteriores envolvendo distorção do substrato e catálise ácida geral. Além disso, a transferência de hidreto mostrou-se vibronicamente adiabática com pouca contribuição de tunelamento. Estas descobertas abrem novas perspectivas sobre os mecanismos de fumarato redutases e fornecem uma base para estudos computacionais futuros sobre flavoproteínas em geral. As análises e estudos comparativos apresentados podem ser usados para construir melhores modelos para propriedades e reatividade de flavinas e flavoproteínas

Apoyo social percibido por mujeres gestantes de Santa Marta, Colombia: un análisis comparativo / Social support perceived by pregnant women in Santa Marta, Colombia: A comparative analysis / Apoio social percebido por gestantes de Santa Marta, Colômbia: uma análise comparativa

Introducción: El apoyo social percibido durante la gestación es importante para la salud mental perinatal. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre estas variables en la población colombiana.Objetivo: Comparar el apoyo social percibido según variables sociodemográficas, ginecobstétricas y afecto positivo en mujeres gestantes de Santa Marta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Participaron 40 mujeres entre 19 y 41 años (M=26.48; DE=5.03), que se encontraban en su tercer trimestre de embarazo, beneficiarias de un programa de promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Las participantes diligenciaron una ficha de información sociodemográfica y ginecobstétrica, la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (α=0.88) y una subescala de la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (α=0.82). Se aplicó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para los análisis estadísticos comparativos y se siguieron los lineamientos éticos en investigación con humanos. Resultados: 67% de las participantes fueron de estrato socioeconómico bajo, 87.5% tenía pareja, 67.5% contaba con estudios superiores, 42.5% tenía trabajo y 47.5% eran madres primerizas. Las mujeres de estrato socioeconómico alto percibieron mayor apoyo social por parte de sus amigos (p=0.01). El apoyo social familiar fue significativamente más alto en las madres primerizas (p=0.01) y en las que reportaron mayor afecto positivo (p=0.03). Por último, el apoyo social por parte de personas significativas fue mayor cuando era el primer embarazo de la mujer (p=0.02). Conclusión: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en algunas dimensiones del apoyo social percibido según el estrato socioeconómico, ser madre primeriza y el afecto positivo. Se recomienda realizar otros estudios con mayor tamaño muestral.

Introduction: Perceived social support during gestation is important for perinatal mental health. However, little is known about these variables in the Colombian population. Objetive: To compare perceived social support with sociodemographic and gynaeco-obstetric variables and positive affect in pregnant women in Santa Marta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Forty women between 19 and 41 years of age (M=26.48; SD=5.03), in their third trimester of pregnancy and beneficiaries of a program to promote exclusive breastfeeding, participated. The participants filled out a sociodemographic and gynaeco-obstetric form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (α=0.88), and a subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (α=0.82). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparative statistical analyses. Ethical guidelines for human research were followed. Results: 67% of the participants belonged to a low socioeconomic status, 87.5% had a partner, 67.5% had a higher education, 42.5% were employed, and 47.5% were new mothers. Women of higher socioeconomic status perceived greater social support from their friends (p = 0.01). Family social support was significantly higher in first-time mothers (p=0.01) and mothers who reported higher positive affect (p = 0.03). Finally, social support from significant others was higher when it was the woman's first pregnancy (p=0.02). Conclusions: Significant differences were found in some dimensions of perceived social support according to socioeconomic status, being a first-time mother, and positive affect. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

Introdução: O apoio social percebido durante a gravidez é importante para a saúde mental perinatal. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre essas variáveis na população colombiana. Objetivo: Comparar o apoio social percebido segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, ginecológicas e de afeto positivo em gestantes de Santa Marta, Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram 40 mulheres entre 19 e 41 anos (M=26,48; DP=5,03), que estavam no terceiro trimestre de gestação, beneficiárias de um programa de promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. As participantes preencheram uma ficha sociodemográfica e ginecológica, a Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (α=0,88) e uma subescala da Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (α=0,82). O teste U de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para análise estatística comparativa e foram seguidas as diretrizes éticas para pesquisa em humanos. Resultados: 67% das participantes eram de baixo nível socioeconômico, 87,5% tinham companheiro, 67,5% tinham ensino superior, 42,5% trabalhavam e 47,5% eram mães de primeira viagem. As mulheres de nível socioeconômico alto perceberam maior apoio social dos amigos (p=0,01). O apoio social familiar foi significativamente maior nas novas mães (p=0,01) e naquelas que relataram maior afeto positivo (p=0,03). Por fim, o apoio social de pessoas significativas foi maior quando se tratava da primeira gravidez da mulher (p=0,02). Conclusões: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em algumas dimensões do suporte social percebido de acordo com o nível socioeconômico, ser mãe de primeira viagem e afeto positivo. Outros estudos com tamanho amostral maior são recomendados.

Satisfacción de los servicios de medicina alópata vs la medicina tradicional en Oaxaca, México / Satisfaction with Allopathic Medicine Services versus Traditional Medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico

Introducción: Se ha reportado baja satisfacción con la atención recibida en el primer y el segundo nivel de atención de instituciones públicas. Existe incremento del uso de la medicina tradicional. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de satisfacción percibida por los pacientes que acuden a los servicios de medicina alópata y medicina tradicional. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes que acudieron al Centro de Salud Urbano y curandero de medicina tradicional de la misma comunidad. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 344 personas, seleccionados por muestreo sistemático. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 40,6 años (DE=16,1), predominó el sexo femenino, los casados, con educación primaria y de religión católica. El padecimiento por el cual acudieron a los servicios de medicina alópata fue por consulta familiar y en la medicina tradicional por espanto. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entra la satisfacción medicina tradicional y alópata. Los pacientes reportan mayor satisfacción en los servicios de medicina tradicional. Conclusiones: Los pacientes perciben mayor satisfacción en la explicación, trato y tratamiento médico en la medicina tradicional(AU)

Introduction: Low satisfaction with the care received at the first and second levels in public institutions has been reported. There is an increase in the use of traditional medicine. Objective: To compare the level of satisfaction perceived by patients attending allopathic and traditional medicine services. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study. The population consisted of patients attending the Urban Health Center and traditional medicine healer in the community of Oaxaca. The sample size was 344 people, selected by systematic sampling. Results: The mean age was 40.6 years (SD=16.1). There was a predominance of the female sex, married persons, with primary education and Catholic religion. The condition for which they sought allopathic medicine services was that they received family advice and, in traditional medicine, for fear. Significant differences were found between satisfaction with traditional and allopathic medicine. Patients report greater satisfaction in traditional medicine services. Conclusions: Patients perceive greater satisfaction in the explanation, treatment and medical treatment in traditional medicine(AU)

Comparación de vía mediastinal posterior versus vía retroesternal para el reemplazo de esófago con ascenso gástrico parcial. Motivo de un cambio de estrategia / Comparison of posterior mediastinal versus retrosternal route for esophageal replacement with partial gastric pull-up. Rationale for a change in strategy

Introducción: existen dos rutas para realizar el reemplazo de esófago (RE), la retroesternal (RRE) y la mediastinal posterior (RMP). El objetivo del estudio es comparar los pacientes que recibieron un ascenso gástrico parcial empleando estas dos rutas. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 51 pacientes con ascenso gástrico parcial, en 27 años en el Hospital Garrahan. Se utilizó la vía RRE en 25 casos y la RMP en 26. Fueron comparados los datos epidemiológicos de los grupos y las variables para valorar la dificultad del acto quirúrgico, evolución inmediata y alejada. El estudio es comparativo, retro-prospectivo y longitudinal. Resultados: las características generales de los pacientes fueron similares. Los que recibieron el ascenso gástrico por vía RMP presentaron una menor incidencia de dehiscencia (p=0,017), de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) (p=0,001) y de dumping (p=0,0001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos al comparar la duración del procedimiento, días de internación total y en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), días de permanencia en asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), inicio de alimentación oral y estenosis de la anastomosis. Se observó una tendencia clínicamente relevante, que no alcanzó significancia estadística en las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y número de dilataciones postoperatorias. No hubo necrosis del ascenso. Fallecieron 2 pacientes. Conclusiones: considerando la menor incidencia de dehiscencia, ERGE y dumping reemplazados por RMP, elegimos a ésta como nuestra primera opción para el reemplazo esofágico en la infancia (AU)

Introduction: The two routes for esophageal replacement (ER) are retrosternal (RRE) and posterior mediastinal (PMR). The aim of the study was to compare patients who received a partial gastric pull-up using either of these two routes. Material and methods: The clinical records of 51 patients who underwent partial gastric pull-up over 27 years at the Garrahan Hospital were reviewed. The RRE route was used in 25 and the RMP in 26 cases. The epidemiological data of the groups and the variables to evaluate the complexity of the surgical procedure, and shortand long-term outcome were compared. A comparative, retroprospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Results: the general characteristics of the patients were similar. Those who underwent gastric pull-up via PMR had a lower incidence of dehiscence (p=0.017), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.001), and dumping (p=0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups when comparing the duration of the procedure, days of total hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, days on mechanical ventilation (MV), initiation of oral feeding and stenosis of the anastomosis. A clinically relevant trend, which did not reach statistical significance, was observed in intraoperative complications and number of postoperative dilatations. There was no necrosis of the pull-up. Two patients died. Conclusions: considering the lower incidence of dehiscence, GERD, and dumping associated with PMR, this was our first choice for esophageal replacement in infancy (AU)

Evaluation of the learning curve and initial outcomes with a short cervicometaphyseal fixation stem: A case series / Evaluación de la curva de aprendizaje y resultados iniciales con un vástago corto de fijación cervicometafisaria: Una serie de casos

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty in young patients has evolved in recent decades, and the use of short stems in young adult patients has been gaining popularity. The restitution of the biomechanics of the hip is a primary requirement to determine the future success of total hip replacement, and even more so in young adults who present the particularity of having a high functional demand and a long life expectancy. Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the learning curve and initial clinical–radiological outcomes of the Alteon Neck Preserving Stem™ (ANPS) (Exactech, Gainesville, FL, USA) with a minimum of 2 years follow up. Material and methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective study that analyzed 90 consecutive total hip replacements during 2014. We performed a clinical–radiological analysis measuring Harris Hip Score (HHS), subjective Rodes and Maudsley satisfaction evaluation, radiolucencies, components position, limb length discrepancy, heterotopic ossification, medical and surgical complications and learning curve. Results: During the first 30 cases, the intraoperative complication rate was 16%, while in the next 60 cases no intraoperative complications were reported. Thigh pain was reported in 3 cases (3.3%), being 2 moderates, and 1 severe. In 2 cases subsidences of 3 mm were detected in the first scheduled X-ray, both related to intraoperative fractures with no progression after 3 months. Mean HHS improved from 42.9 points (range 37–54 points) preoperatively to 93.2 on average (range, 87–96) at the end of the follow up (p < 0.01). Subjective evaluation was excellent in 75 (83.3%) cases and good in 15 patients (16.6%). Conclusions: This short stem has good clinical radiological results in a short and medium term follow-up and in the hands of surgeons specializing in arthroplasty the learning curve is estimated to be less than 30 surgeries.(AU)

Introducción: La artroplastia total de cadera en pacientes jóvenes ha ido evolucionando en las últimas décadas y la utilización de tallos cortos en pacientes adultos jóvenes ha ganado popularidad. La restitución de la biomecánica de la cadera es requisito primordial para determinar el éxito a futuro del reemplazo total de cadera, y aún más en los adultos jóvenes quienes presentan la particularidad de tener una alta demanda funcional y una esperanza de vida prolongada. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo fue evaluar la curva de aprendizaje y los resultados clínico-radiológicos iniciales del Alteon Neck Preserving Stem™ (ANPS) (Exactech, Gainesville, FL, EE. UU.) con un mínimo de dos años de seguimiento. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico que analizó 90 reemplazos totales consecutivos de cadera durante 2014. Realizamos un análisis clínico-radiológico utilizando Harris Hip Score (HHS), evaluación de satisfacción subjetiva de Roles y Maudsley, radiolucencias, posición de los componentes, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, osificación heterotópica, complicaciones médicas y quirúrgicas y un análisis de la curva de aprendizaje. Resultados: Durante los primeros 30 casos la tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue del 16% mientras que en los siguientes 60 casos no se reportó ninguna complicación intraquirúrgica. El dolor de muslo se notificó en tres casos (3,3%), siendo dos moderados y uno grave. En dos casos se detectaron hundimientos de 3 mm en la primera radiografía programada, ambas relacionadas con fracturas intraoperatorias sin progresión después de tres meses. La media de HHS mejoró de 42,9 puntos (rango 37 a 54 puntos) preoperatoriamente a 93,2 en promedio (rango, 87-96) al final del seguimiento (p < 0,01). La evaluación subjetiva fue excelente en 75 casos (83,3%) y buena en 15 casos (16,6%).(AU)

Evaluación de la curva de aprendizaje y resultados iniciales con un vástago corto de fijación cervicometafisaria: Una serie de casos / Evaluation of the learning curve and initial outcomes with a short cervicometaphyseal fixation stem: A case series

Introducción: La artroplastia total de cadera en pacientes jóvenes ha ido evolucionando en las últimas décadas y la utilización de tallos cortos en pacientes adultos jóvenes ha ganado popularidad. La restitución de la biomecánica de la cadera es requisito primordial para determinar el éxito a futuro del reemplazo total de cadera, y aún más en los adultos jóvenes quienes presentan la particularidad de tener una alta demanda funcional y una esperanza de vida prolongada. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio prospectivo fue evaluar la curva de aprendizaje y los resultados clínico-radiológicos iniciales del Alteon Neck Preserving Stem™ (ANPS) (Exactech, Gainesville, FL, EE. UU.) con un mínimo de dos años de seguimiento. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo multicéntrico que analizó 90 reemplazos totales consecutivos de cadera durante 2014. Realizamos un análisis clínico-radiológico utilizando Harris Hip Score (HHS), evaluación de satisfacción subjetiva de Roles y Maudsley, radiolucencias, posición de los componentes, discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades, osificación heterotópica, complicaciones médicas y quirúrgicas y un análisis de la curva de aprendizaje. Resultados: Durante los primeros 30 casos la tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue del 16% mientras que en los siguientes 60 casos no se reportó ninguna complicación intraquirúrgica. El dolor de muslo se notificó en tres casos (3,3%), siendo dos moderados y uno grave. En dos casos se detectaron hundimientos de 3 mm en la primera radiografía programada, ambas relacionadas con fracturas intraoperatorias sin progresión después de tres meses. La media de HHS mejoró de 42,9 puntos (rango 37 a 54 puntos) preoperatoriamente a 93,2 en promedio (rango, 87-96) al final del seguimiento (p < 0,01). La evaluación subjetiva fue excelente en 75 casos (83,3%) y buena en 15 casos (16,6%).(AU)

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty in young patients has evolved in recent decades, and the use of short stems in young adult patients has been gaining popularity. The restitution of the biomechanics of the hip is a primary requirement to determine the future success of total hip replacement, and even more so in young adults who present the particularity of having a high functional demand and a long life expectancy. Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the learning curve and initial clinical–radiological outcomes of the Alteon Neck Preserving Stem™ (ANPS) (Exactech, Gainesville, FL, USA) with a minimum of 2 years follow up. Material and methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective study that analyzed 90 consecutive total hip replacements during 2014. We performed a clinical–radiological analysis measuring Harris Hip Score (HHS), subjective Rodes and Maudsley satisfaction evaluation, radiolucencies, components position, limb length discrepancy, heterotopic ossification, medical and surgical complications and learning curve. Results: During the first 30 cases, the intraoperative complication rate was 16%, while in the next 60 cases no intraoperative complications were reported. Thigh pain was reported in 3 cases (3.3%), being 2 moderates, and 1 severe. In 2 cases subsidences of 3 mm were detected in the first scheduled X-ray, both related to intraoperative fractures with no progression after 3 months. Mean HHS improved from 42.9 points (range 37–54 points) preoperatively to 93.2 on average (range, 87–96) at the end of the follow up (p < 0.01). Subjective evaluation was excellent in 75 (83.3%) cases and good in 15 patients (16.6%). Conclusions: This short stem has good clinical radiological results in a short and medium term follow-up and in the hands of surgeons specializing in arthroplasty the learning curve is estimated to be less than 30 surgeries.(AU)

Comparative study of cold hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in two animal models of neuropathic pain: different etiologies and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms

Abstract Neuropathic pain (NP) affects more than 8% of the global population. The proposed action of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) as a mechanosensor and the characterization of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) as a cold thermosensor raises the question of whether these receptors are implicated in NP. Our study aimed to evaluate the involvement of TRPA1 and TRPM8 in cold and mechanical signal transduction to obtain a comparative view in rat models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) and chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI). The electronic von Frey test showed that STZ rats presented mechanical allodynia that was first evidenced on the 14th day after diabetes confirmation, and four days after CCI. This phenomenon was reduced by the intraplantar (ipl) administration of a TRPA1 receptor antagonist (HC-030031; 40 µL/300 µg/paw) in both NP models. Only CCI rats displayed cold hyperalgesia based on the cold plate test. The pharmacological blocking of TRPA1 through the injection of the antagonist attenuated cold hyperalgesia in this NP model. STZ animals showed a reduction in the number of flinches induced by the intraplantar injection of mustard oil (MO; TRPA1 agonist; 0.1%/50 µL/paw), or intraplantar injection of menthol (MT; TRPM8 agonist; 0.5% and 1%/50 µL/paw). The response induced by the ipl administration of MT (1%/50 µL/paw) was significantly different between the CCI and SHAM groups. Together, these data suggest a different pattern in nociceptive behavior associated with different models of NP, suggesting a variant involvement of TRPA1 and TRPM8 in both conditions

A comparative study of the effect of health insurance on women's use of health facility delivery: Evidence from demographic health survey in Benin Republic

Studies in the Benin Republic have identified contextual factors that determine health facility delivery among women of reproductive age. However, it is not certain if the same set of factors predicts facility delivery for women who enrolled in health insurance and those who did not. The study seeks to compare the determinants of health facility delivery for mothers under health insurance and those that are not in the Benin Republic. The study used data for 33,078 women of reproductive age, drawn from the most recent Benin demographic and health survey (2017-18). The characteristics of the women were described using simple proportions and frequency. Binary Logistic regression was used to examine determinants of health facility delivery for both groups of women. The result showed that only 0.7% of the women were under health insurance coverage. The prevalence of health facility delivery was high in the enrolled group but not in the unenrolled group (98.3% vs. 87.8%). The uniform determinants of health facility delivery across the two groups were household wealth, education, employment, land/house ownership, media exposure, a minimum of four antenatal contacts, and place of residence. To improve the coverage of health facility delivery, a multi-pronged approach should be used to improve household socioeconomic status, encourage media use among women, expand education opportunities for women, and specifically target rural women in Benin. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:104-115).

Diabetes in the public healthcare sector of four South African provinces: A comparative analysis

The growing burden of diabetes has long been under the radar in developing countries such as South Africa (SA). In recent years, there has been an unprecedented and exponential increase in recorded and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) cases. Unreliable data collection, overburdened health systems and poor infrastructure have all proved to be barriers to achieving optimum disease management. The District Health Information System (DHIS) serves as the data collection tool for the SA public healthcare sector. It is used in all nine SA provinces to gather data without individual patient identifiers. Objective. To analyse and compare the DM data collected by the DHIS in the Western Cape (WC), Eastern Cape (EC), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and Gauteng provinces of SA. Methods. An audit of diabetes-related data from the DHIS for 2016 was conducted. The data were then analysed using Excel. Time-series and cross-sectional analyses were made possible using pivot tables. Graphics were designed using Thinkcell software. Results. Of the four provinces surveyed, Gauteng recorded the highest incidence of DM, 67% higher than the reported global DM incidence estimate, while the WC had the lowest incidence. A similar pattern was also noted regarding the incidence of DM in people aged <18 years, with Gauteng having the highest and WC the lowest prevalence results. When comparing the number of DM-related consultations conducted in each province, the metropolitan districts were highlighted as hotspots of activity for DM care. This study found a moderate inversely proportional relationship between the incidence of DM in all provinces and education deprivation (p<0.05). Among the provinces that collected data on screening (excluding EC), KZN recorded the highest number of diabetic screenings. Conclusion. Metropolitan areas were highlighted as areas to be targeted, further reinforcing the current connection observed between urbanisation and DM in SA. The presence and recording of screening efforts is an excellent step in the right direction for the SA public healthcare sector and the DHIS. With improved interprovincial co-ordination regarding standardisation of the criteria and specifications of data collection fields, and enhanced training for data officers and primary collection agents, good quality and rich data is a very close possibility.

Discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings: A comparative study conducted in South Africa

The anatomical pathology autopsy serves several purposes, notably as a quality management tool for evaluation of accuracy in clinical diagnosis. Despite its value, for various reasons there has been an international decline in autopsies conducted. In the modern medical era, with all its advances in technology, diagnostic techniques and interventions, there is still a high discrepancy between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings.Objectives. To establish the discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings in anatomical pathology autopsies.Methods. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted over the 4-year-period 2014 - 2017. The clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings of cases referred to the Department of Anatomical Pathology at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, were evaluated and compared using the modified Goldman criteria.Results. A total of 288 cases qualified for the study and were evaluated. The gender distribution was 155 (53.8%) male and 133 (48.2%) female, with the majority of cases in the age group 19 - 60 years (mean 36.4). The majority of the cases were referred by internal medicine, followed by paediatrics. The most common cause of death in major missed diagnoses was pulmonary conditions. Of the cases, 115 (39.3%) had a major discrepancy and 62 (21.5%) a minor discrepancy.Conclusion. This study showed that there is still a high discrepancy between clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings, similar to studies conducted globally. The current COVID-19 pandemic may be a driver for revival of the anatomical pathology autopsy, and future studies are recommended to evaluate whether the decline can be reversed

Idosos e furiosos: conseguiremos manter o desempenho? / Old and furious: are we still able to perform? / Ancianos y Furiosos: seremos capaces de mantener el rendimiento?

Introdução: O envelhecimento humanointerfere diretamente no desempenho doatletamaster, portanto, saber em que momento ocorre estedeclínio de desempenho se torna essencial para a otimização do esporte master. Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar a taxa de declínio dos tempos de nadadores masters em diferentes categorias etárias (25 a 99 anos). Metodologia: Os dados dos até 8 primeiros colocados dos 50 e 800 metros nado livre de cada categoria participante do Campeonato Brasileiro Master de 2019 foram coletados, totalizando 281 entradas na água. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados e discussão: Os 50 metros livre foi a prova com maior número de entradas; observou-se na comparação recordes de categorias vs.recordes nacionaisque as maiores diferenças percentuais ocorreram, em geral, a partir dos 60 anos. Este resultado é similar ao da comparação das médias das entradas de cada prova vs. recorde da categoria. Ainda, ao comparar a média das entradas vs. categoria 25-9 anos observou-se no masculino, e no feminino, diferenças significativas com as categorias 65-9 anos até 85-9 anos. Nos 800 livre, maiores diferenças percentuais também foram observadas a partir dos 60 anos para recordes de categorias vs. recordes nacionais. Contudo, ao analisar as médias das entradas de cada prova vs. recordes de cada categoria e ao comparar as médias das entradas vs.categoria 25-9 anos, não se observoudiferenças significativas para o feminino, enquanto que para o masculino, esta diferença ocorreu a partir da categoria 60-4 anos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a queda de desempenho nas provas da natação master analisadas é influenciada, em parte pelo processo de envelhecimento, sexo e a competição de referência.

Introduction: Human aging directly interferes with the performance of the master athlete, therefore, knowing when this performance decline occurs becomes essential for the optimization of the master sport. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the decline rate of swimmer's performances in different age groups, from 25 years old to 99 years old, at freestyle events. Methodology: Data from up to the first eight places were collected in the 50 and 800 meters freestyle from each participating group from the 2019 Brazilian Master Championship, for a total of 281 entries into the water. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed. Results and discussion: The 50 freestyle was the event with the highest number of entries; it was observed in the comparison of age group records vs. national records that the greatest percentage differences occurred, in general, from the age of 60 years old. This result is similar to the comparison of the entry averages of each test vs. age group record. Also, when comparing the average of entries vs. 25-9 years old, significant differences were observed in males, and females,from 65-9 years old to 85-9 years old. In the 800 freestyle, higher percentage differences were also observed from the age of 60 years old from age group records vs. national records. However, when analyzing the averages of the entries of each test vs. records of each group and when comparing the averages of entries vs. 25-9 years, there were no significant differences for females, while for males, this difference occurred from the 60-4 years old. Conclusion: It was concluded that the performance drop in the analyzed master swimming tests is influenced, in part, by the aging process, sex and the reference competition.

Introduccíon: El envejecimiento humano interfiere directamente en el rendimiento del atleta maestro, por lo tanto, saber cuándo se produce esta disminución del rendimiento se vuelve esencial para la optimización del deporte maestro. Objetivo: El objetivo fue analizar la tasa de disminución de los tiempos de los nadadores máster en diferentes categorías de edad (25 a 99 años), en eventos de estilo libre. Metodologia: Se recopilaron datos de hasta 8 primeros clasificados en los 50 y 800 metros estilo libre de cada categoría participante en el Campeonato Brasileño Máster 2019, totalizando 281 entradas al agua. Se realizó análisis descriptivo yinferencial. Resultados y discusión: Los 50 metros estilo libre fue la carrera con mayor número de inscripciones; se observó en la comparación de registros de categorías vs. registros nacionales que las mayores diferencias porcentuales se produjeron, en general, a partir de los 60 años. Este resultado es similar a la comparación de los promedios de las entradas de cada prueba vs. registro de categoría. Además, al comparar el promedio de entradas vs. categoría 25-9 años, se observaron diferencias significativas en hombres, y mujeres, con categorías 65-9 años a 85-9 años. En los 800 libres también se observaron mayores diferencias porcentuales a partir de los 60 años para registros de categoría vs. registros nacionales. Sin embargo, al analizar los promedios de las entradas de cada prueba vs. registros de cada categoría y al comparar los promedios de entradas vs. En la categoría 25-9 años, no hubo diferencias significativas para las mujeres, mientras que para los hombres, esta diferencia ocurrió en la categoría de 60-4 años. Conclusíon: Se concluyó que la caída del rendimiento en las pruebas maestras de natación analizadas está influenciada, en parte, por el proceso de envejecimiento, el sexo y la competencia de referencia.